An Assignment on Status of Agricultural Genetic Resources of Kapilvastu District
Keshav Bhattarai class roll no: (59)
Nepal is a landlocked country located between 26◦22' to 30◦27' north latitude and 80◦4' to 88◦12' east longitude in south Asia. The country is sandwiched between two mighty nations india in the east, south and west and china in the north. It has total land area of 1,47,181 sq. km. Nepal is predominantly a mountainous country with elevations ranging from 58 m above sea level in Musharnia located in eastern terai district of Dhanusa to 8848.68m at the peak of world's highest mountain, Sagarmatha. Nepal has three physiographic zones, namely Mountain, Hill and Terai which are vary widely in their proportion of land use for agriculture purposes. Similarly, climate varies from Tropical to alpine within a short distance due to tremendous variation in topography and altitude.
Kapilvastu district which is popular for birthplace of Gautam Buddha
is also richly endowed with numerous agricultural crops and plants. It lies
between India in south, Rupendehi in east, dang in west and Agrakhanchi in
North. The agro-diversity in this district is so immense that this needs a long
time series to enumerate all. It is mainly due to cultivation, gathering from
the forests, food habits and consumption vary not only by ecological belts,
hamlets and ethnicity but it also varies with events of disasters especially
during the droughts. Agriculture faces tremendous challenges of feeding large
number of population but in reality, it has remained subsistence oriented with
lower productivity in the region.
Agricultural crops grown in Nepal are broadly divided into two groups; food crops and cash crops. The food crops growing in Kapilvastu include paddy, maize, wheat, pulses etc while cash crops include potato, sugarcane, cotton, etc. People of kapilvastu also rear livestock such as Buffalo, cow, goat etc for meat and milk purposes. Crops along with their varieties are present in kapilvastu districts are listed below:
A.
CEREAL CROPS
|
Crops |
Cultivated Varieties |
|
Rice |
Radha-4,
Golden sawa, Nepali sawa, Mansuli, Sabitri, Ram, Anadhi, Kalanimek etc |
|
Wheat |
R.R-21, Aditya,
N.L.971, Rohini, Gautam,etc |
|
Maize |
Hybrid
Gaurav, Rampur composite, Arun-2, Rampur-2, etc |
|
Barley |
C.I-10448,
SBN-56 |
A.
OILSEED CROPS
|
Crops |
Cultivated
Varieties |
|
Mustard |
Bikash,
Unnati, J.Y-16,etc |
|
Sunflower |
Unknown |
|
Ground-Nut |
Janak, Jayanti,
Rajshri |
|
Sesame |
Nawalpur
Jhuse til-1 |
B.
PULSE CROPS
|
Crops |
Cultivated
Varieties |
|
Lentil |
Sindhur, Sishir,
Simrik,etc |
|
Green Gram |
Pusa-Baisakhi |
|
Black Gram |
kalu |
|
Pigeon Pea |
Bageshwari |
|
Chickpea |
Radha, Sita |
|
Cowpea |
Akash, Double
Harvest, Prakash |
C.
Vegetables
|
Crops |
Cultivated Varieties |
|
Potato |
Kufri-sindhuri,
IPY-8, Desiree, |
|
Cabbage |
Copenhegan Market |
|
Cauliflower |
Sarlahi
Dipali, Kathmandu Local |
|
Radish |
Minow early,
40 diney mula |
|
Carrot |
New Kurodha |
|
Bitterguard |
Hariyo Karela |
|
Brinjal |
Arka keshav,
Nurki |
|
Sponge-guard |
New Narayani,
Local |
|
Cucumber |
Garima, Ninja-179 |
|
Ladyfinger |
Arka Anamika,
Parbati |
|
Pumpkin |
Sonar 022 |
|
Pea |
New Line,
Sikkime |
D.
FRUITS
|
Fruits |
Cultivated
Varieties |
|
Mango |
Bambai,
Culcuttia, Amrapali |
|
Banana |
Harichal, Chinichampa,
Local |
|
Guava |
Chittidar,
Local |
|
Litchi |
Early bedana,
Mirzafarpur, Local |
|
Jack fruit |
Rudrakshi,
Penibarak, Local |
|
Papaya |
Singapore,
Solo, Local |
E.
SPICES
|
Spices |
Cultivated
Varieties |
|
Onion |
Red Creole,
Nasik Red |
|
Garlic |
Chinese
Lasun, Local Lasun |
|
Chilli |
Akabare, Jire
khursani |
|
Ginger |
Local |
|
Turmeric |
Local |
F.
LIVESTOCKS
|
Animal |
Breeds |
|
Buffalo |
Murrah,
kathey, Jaffarbadi, kapase, etc |
|
Cow |
HF, Jersey,
Red sindhi, Local etc |
|
Goat |
Jamunapari, Boer,
Terai goat, |
|
Poultry |
Broiler,
Local, Kroiler, etc |
A.
MEDICINAL PLANTS
Harro, Barro, Tulsi, Neem, Bojho, Gurjo etc are knowingly or
unknowingly present in farmer's field. They are used according to indigenous Knowledge
and Practices to cure several diseases like Headache, Body ache, Brochities, Diarrhea
etc.
B.
FORAGE CROPS
Many farmers are involved in commercial dairy farming and
they have cultivated several forage crops like Napier, Barseem, Desmodium,
Sorghum etc which provide nutrition and increase average milk production.
CONCLUSION
Kapilvastu district is rich in agriculture genetic resources. It should
be conserved and maintain thoroughly so that next generation can take benefit
from it. Deforestation, Flood and Forest fires are main causes for exploitation
of genetic resources in Kapilvastu. Concerned authorities and local government
should be aware about its importance and should conduct different programs for
conservation of genetic resources. Farmers are attracting towards new modern
varieties which result in lesser use of local available resources which might
create extinction problem in near future. So, genetic resources should be used
wisely along with its conservation.
References:
J.C. Gautam(Nov 13, 2008). Country Report on The State of the Nepal’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
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