RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON CHEMICAL PESTICIDES AND ITS IMPACTS

RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON CHEMICAL PESTICIDES AND ITS IMPACTS

INTRODUCTION

         Nepal is agriculture country and more than 65% of Nepalese people are directly involved in agriculture occupation. The evolution in agriculture have leads to the evolution of many pests, diseases, insects in the agricultural field. The traditional method of pest management i.e. using of organic pesticides have no further effect. The efficiency of traditional pesticides is too weak in modern agriculture. Farmer are using chemical pesticides. Chemical pesticides represent chemical poison which is used to control disease pest by disturbing physiological function of pests.

                 

Chemical pesticides have created directly or indirectly affects on human health. Although the production of agricultural products are increasing using chemical pesticides but its quality is decreasing. The research proposal is based on chemical pesticides and its impact on human health. Its main objectives is to create ecofriendly among soil and crops and faithful environment between producer and consumer. The research aims is not to demotivate farmer to use chemical pesticides but to use chemical pesticides along with traditional means of pest control. The terai area is basket of crop production so the programme provided 1 week training program on use of chemical pesticides and its affect on human health and integrated pest management. After these programs, farmer will able to know about doses of chemical pesticides to be applied on the field and knowledge of cultural method of pest control and its  implementation and production of agricultural products along with focuses on quality as well as quantity of agricultural products.

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RATIONALE OF STUDY

     Many people are suffering from food borne diseases. No one is safe and suffering from stomach and heart diseases. The person below the age of 10 years is also suffering from cancer, blood pressure, diabetes, kidney diseases, heart diseases etc. these all are due consumption of foods rich in poison created by chemical pesticides. The research is based on minimizing the use of chemical pesticide so that many lives can be safe from pre-matured death. This programme will also assist to understand the effectivesness of traditional method of pest control and make further plans and policies for upgrading the quality of agricultural products through improved and scientific approach.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

General OBJECTIVES

·         To manipulate farmer for minimizing the use of chemical pesticides

·         To provide information about health damage caused by chemical pesticides.

Specific OBJECTIVES

Ø  To identify the status of cultivation, production and marketing of agricultural products of targeted farmers

Ø  To know the effectivesness of IPM after the program

Ø  To motivate farmer for organic agriculture production

RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON CHEMICAL PESTICIDES AND ITS IMPACTS


LITERATURE REVIEW

Even though the pesticide has contributed greatly in the production of foods in agricultural sector in Nepal. Unfortunately, the success have often time been accompanied with the problems of health and product combination(PIMENTAL et.al 1993). Study in pregnant women found that women exposed to multiple pesticides have increased risk of giving a child with cleft palate(GORDON,1981). The chemicals enter into the human body when they are improperly used through 3 major routes.

1.       Dermal : through the skin

2.       Oral  : through the mouth

3.       Respiratory through breathing(inhalation)

This can be detrimental to the health of farmers. The dermal effect, oral effect and respiratory effect occur when farmer donot wear proper protective clothes and not wearing any mouth protective gadzet(IFDC,2011). Pesticides that are made of organophosphate have a half life cycle of 30 days which implies that after 30 days only half remains active(GUALPH TURGLASS INSTITUTE,2009). It was also noticed that the farmers encountered health effect such as itching skin, headache, dizziness, skin burns, stomachache, skin rushes as immediate effect of pesticides.

METHODOLOGY

1.       RESEARCH DESIGN

It is qualitative research. The research designed is based in the descriptive interpretational approach and consequently research raport would be document.

2.       SITE SELECTION

              Kapilvastu district of terai Nepal is selected for the research. Researcher selected this area because it can be better representatives of whole terai. Kapilvastu is easily accessible to the researcher. Moreover the major economic practices of this region is agriculture sector. There is high tendency of using chemical pesticides for increasing agricultural products.

3.       RESEARCH POPULATION

Population of mainly 2 regions i.e. banganga municipality and motipur municipality will be under the study. Data from these population as much as accessible will be taken.

4.       SAMPLE COLLECTION/PROCEDURES

             Since, it is a qualitative research, proportionate stratified sampling is selected to collect the data. This method is suitable for a large heterogeneous population that gives proper representation to each stratum and its statistical efficiency is generally higher. And also to study the proportion of chemical pesticides used and compare between each stratum because respondents from each stratum are using chemical pesticides more wisely than another.

5.       STUDY INSTRUMENTS

            For gathering the information, interview schedule will be prepared consistent with objectives of the study. Schedule will be divided into 8 areas of envying 1. Social and personal information of the respondents 2. Information about family members of respondents 3. Land ownership and tenancy pattern of the respondent 4. Crops grown and cropping pattern of the respondent 5. Production and consumption pattern of respondents 6. Food supply status of the respondents 7. Application of pesticides in agriculture by respondents and 8. Impact analysis of pesticides in research locality. The questionnaire will includes both close ended and open ended questions. Farmer group discussion, key information survey, observation will also be the study instruments.

DATA COLLECTION

      Data will be collected by the combination of different methods including research survey, household survey using interview schedule, key informants survey,field visit and observation of study create. Besides these secondary sources of information such as official publication of DADO, kapilvastu and various publication of institution and agencies will also be used to gain deeper understanding of the issue.

                     At first, the survey of research area will be done and then research design and survey questionnaire will be done to find out whether editing is necessary to gain required information from the respondents. Researchers will be directly involving in face to face interview and in many other research works during research. Data collection will be timely supervised by the advisor. Data collection will be extended as long as all the required information is gained.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

     The data collected through personal interview and many other means will be coded, tabulated and entered in the computer. A number of descriptive and indeferential statistical tools will be employed to analyse the data. Descriptive analysis techniques such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation will be used in presenting and summarizing the data. Cross tabulation will also be carried out set up frequency distribution of one variable against another.

                                 Basic variables like age, gender, caste, educational level, family size, family type, occupational status, income and land size holding etc will be used. Similarly, other variables like land ownership and tenancy pattern(owner, owner operator, owner and tenant, landless tenant and landless), cropping pattern, production and consumption pattern, food sufficiency status, food insufficiency management, reason for decline in crop production, pesticide application, affect of chemical pesticides, percentage utilization of chemical pesticides in respondents and their family, reason for utilization, effects of chemical pesticides on crop production system, trends of using traditional pesticides and farming operation management status at shortage of chemical pesticides will be included by using the SPSS and other required computer software for statistical analysis of entire data.

BUDGET SUMMARY

  The study will require a sum of Rs.50,000 under following sub-heading.

S.N.	PARTICULAR	AMOUNTS(Rs.)
1.	Transportation	10,000
2.	Poster, chart, pumplet	3,000
3.	Stationery	2,000
4.	Questionnaire preparation	5,000
5.	Lodging and fooding	15,000
6.	Snacks for FGD and gathering	5,000
7.	Miscellaneous expense	10,000
	Total cost	50,000

EXPECTED OUTPUT

   Research has following expected outputs:

1.       Minimization in the use of chemical pesticide

2.       Alternatives for the use of chemical pesticides can be realized

3.       Promotion for the use of integrated pest management and organic farming

 BENEFICIARIES

        Thus conducted research will benefit the people of kapilvastu district in solving maximum uses of chemical pesticides and practicing the alternatives to enhance the agricultural production.

REFERENCES

v  Adams C.E. 1994. The role of IPM in a safe, healthy, plentiful food supply

v  Antle, J.M. 1987. Econometric estimation of producers risk attitudes.

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